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The Dynamics of Secular and Islamist Parties in Arab Politics
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The Dynamics of Secular and Islamist Parties in Arab Politics
…secular, such as industrial workers in Egypt or urban intellectuals in Morocco, have drifted toward Islamist movements or are siding with incumbent regimes for fear of the Islamists. Almost by default, Islamist partie…
…xpression. A failure in constituency-building has caused former secular supporters to shift towards Islamist movements. As a result, Islamist parties now dominate the political opposition landscape, raising questions a…
The Impact of U.S. Pressure on Egyptian Democratic Reform
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The Impact of U.S. Pressure on Egyptian Democratic Reform
…l and programmatic weaknesses. Many of them have stagnant or even declining constituencies, whereas Islamist movements have growing and increasingly well-organized ones.
In a speech in Cairo in June 2005, Rice underscored U.S. democratic reform measures. The U.S. reacted to Egypt's governance by canceling a free-trade agreement due to human rights concerns. While some
Political Dynamics and Sectarian Tensions in the Middle East
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Political Dynamics and Sectarian Tensions in the Middle East
retrenchment into a more ideological posture by a movement that has sought, but has so far been denied, a legitimate political role. The adoption and subsequent abandonment of the freedom agenda broug
…e of incumbent regimes resistant to political reform. It notes that, despite potential allies among Islamist movements, the U.S. often views them as threats. Additionally, it addresses the rise of sectarian tensions in…
About the Authors of Carnegie Endowment Publications
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About the Authors of Carnegie Endowment Publications
About the Authors MARINA OTTAWAY is a senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program and director of the Carnegie Middle East Program. Her most recent book, Beyond the Façade: Political Re
…es. Amr Hamzawy, an Egyptian political scientist, investigates political participation dynamics and Islamist movements in the Arab region. Karim Sadjadpour, an associate at the Carnegie Endowment, specializes in Irania…
Challenges of U.S. Democracy Promotion in the Middle East
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Challenges of U.S. Democracy Promotion in the Middle East
There has been no successful democratic revolution in any Middle Eastern country. Instead, the democratic openings advocated and supported by the United States have either led to sectarian division or
This text discusses the lack of successful democratic revolutions in the Middle East, largely due to U.S. policies that have often led to sectarian division and the empowerment of Islamist groups. It
The New Middle East: Democracy vs. Stability
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The New Middle East: Democracy vs. Stability
22 THE NEW MIDDLE EAST few, limited in scope, carried out only when allowed by incumbent regimes, and dropped quickly when governments objected. After September 11, President Bush openly repudiated th
This text discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East following the September 11 attacks. President Bush's declaration of aligning American values of freedom and security contrasted
The Complex Relationship Between Syria and the United States
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The Complex Relationship Between Syria and the United States
but set aside its criticism when this was in its interest. It was never in agreement with the United States and sought other allies, but never became so antagonistic as to provoke a strong American re
The text explores the evolving relationship between Syria and the United States, highlighting key moments such as the leadership transition from Hafez al-Assad to Bashar al-Assad, the impact of the Ir
Discontent and Political Activism Among Shi’i Minorities
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Discontent and Political Activism Among Shi’i Minorities
Discrimination inevitably breeds discontent and resentment, and those certainly exist among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and, of course, in Lebanon. The real question, however, is whether this resentm
The text examines the roots of resentment among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and Lebanon, noting its implications for political activism. Discrimination and resentment have led to instances of violenc
Ethics and Civic Training Programs in Thailand
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Ethics and Civic Training Programs in Thailand
- Providing training programs for ethics and civic duties to teachers, students, government employees, men and women throughout Thailand. Millions participate in these programs every year. - Launching
โปรแกรมการฝึกอบรมจริยธรรมและหน้าที่พลเมืองในประเทศไทยมีผู้เข้าร่วมหลายล้านคนทุกปี โดยมีความสำคัญในการสร้างความตระหนักรู้เกี่ยวกับจริยธรรมและกฎหมาย รวมถึงโปรแกรม "Inner Dream Kindergarten" ที่สอนธรรมแล
การปรากฏนิมิตและความเชื่อมโยงกับการปฏิบัติธรรม
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การปรากฏนิมิตและความเชื่อมโยงกับการปฏิบัติธรรม
ปรโยค(๑) - ปฐมนิเทศป่าสาธกานาเถา ๓ - หน้าที่ ๕๖ เปรียบเหมือนชาวนาได้นาแล้วปล่อยพวกโกโร่ก ให้เดินหน้าไปสู่ที่กกิน แล้วพึงนั่งพักผ่อนไม่ คารนั้นพวกโกโร่กเหล่านั้นของเขา ก็เข้าดงไปโดยเร็ว ชาวนา ผู้ลาก ป
บทความนี้กล่าวถึงกระบวนการการปรากฏนิมิตผ่านการปฏิบัติธรรม โดยมีอุปมาเป็นชาวนาและโกโร่ก เพื่อแสดงถึงการเข้าใจในธรรมชาติของลมหายใจและการพัฒนาจิตใจให้บรรลุถึงความสงบและเห็นจริงในทุกสิ่ง โดยการมีวินิจฉัยใ
A Changed Region: The Transformation of the Middle East Post 9/11
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A Changed Region: The Transformation of the Middle East Post 9/11
A Changed Region After September 11, 2001, the Bush administration launched an ambitious policy to forge a new Middle East, with intervention in Iraq as the driver of the transformation. "The establi
This analysis reflects on the changes in the Middle East following the events of September 11, 2001, highlighting the ambitious policies of the Bush administration aimed at establishing democracy and
Iran's Strategic Influence in Post-Saddam Iraq
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Iran's Strategic Influence in Post-Saddam Iraq
which ended conclusively with a UN-mandated cease-fire and eventually a return to the status quo, made it very clear that neither country could break the balance of power. By removing Saddam Hussein,
This text discusses the significant changes in the balance of power in the Middle East following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and the subsequent rise of Iranian influence in the region. The removal o
Exploring Buddhist Meditation and Its Significance
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Exploring Buddhist Meditation and Its Significance
Preface Not a month goes by these days without another important article being published on some newly uncovered Buddhist text, and among the discoveries are ancient materials about Buddhist meditati
This preface discusses the ongoing discoveries in Buddhist meditation texts and the efforts of Venerable Phrakrupaladnayokwarawat (Sudhammo Bhikkhu) in promoting scholarly exploration. It emphasizes t
Interfaith Cooperation for Lasting Peace
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Interfaith Cooperation for Lasting Peace
C O-OPERATION Interfaith Activities The world of religion today is like a flower garden made beautiful by the diversity of colour and scent. In an age when the life of those in society is becoming in
The Dhammakaya Foundation has actively participated in interfaith dialogues and forums, promoting cooperation between different religions. These engagements aim to create a united approach to spiritua
The Role of Garudhamma in Buddhist Nuns' Conduct
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The Role of Garudhamma in Buddhist Nuns' Conduct
a misplaced doubt about the rule that a nun must be given advice (ovāda) and pointed out her bad behaviors (pavāraṇā) by a monk. Based on the evidence in the Pāli canon, I make a clearer definition an
This paper examines the role of garudhamma in guiding the conduct of Buddhist nuns, highlighting their importance as norms rather than customs. It discusses the issues raised by a monk regarding advic